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It is colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature, can react violently with strong oxidizing agent to produce danger, volatile and flammable, with aromatic odor. Mutually soluble with water, methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform and pyridine, etc. It can dissolve oil, fat, resin and rubber, etc. It can also dissolve cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, and is an important volatile organic solvent.
Acetone: Overview and Key Properties
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Acetone (Propanone) |
| Molecular Formula | C₃H₆O |
| CAS Number | 67-64-1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Pungent, fruity |
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 56.05°C (132.9°F) |
| Melting Point | −94.7°C (−138.5°F) |
| Density (20°C) | 0.791 g/cm³ |
| Vapor Pressure | 184 mmHg (20°C) |
| Flash Point | −20°C (−4°F) – Highly flammable |
| Solubility | Miscible with water, ethanol, ether |
Production Methods
| Method | Process Description |
|---|---|
| Cumene Process | Benzene + Propylene → Cumene → Acetone + Phenol (90% global production) |
| Fermentation | Bacterial fermentation of sugars (bio-acetone) |
| Direct Oxidation | Propylene oxidation (alternative method) |
Applications
| Industry | Uses |
|---|---|
| Solvents | Nail polish remover, paint thinner, cleaning agent |
| Chemical Synthesis | Precursor for methyl methacrylate (MMA), bisphenol-A (BPA) |
| Pharmaceuticals | Extraction solvent, drug formulation |
| Plastics | Polycarbonate production |
| Laboratory | Common polar aprotic solvent |
Safety & Regulatory Status
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| OSHA PEL | 1.000 ppm (TWA) |
| Health Hazards | Irritant (eyes/skin); CNS depression at high exposure |
| Storage | Flame-proof containers, cool/ventilated area |
| NFPA Rating | Health 1. Flammability 3. Reactivity 0 |
Comparison with Similar Solvents
| Solvent | Acetone vs. Alternatives |
|---|---|
| Methanol | Less toxic, faster evaporation |
| Ethyl Acetate | Stronger solvent, less flammable |
| Isopropanol | Similar polarity, higher boiling point |
Environmental & Handling Data
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Biodegradability | Readily biodegradable (OECD 301F) |
| LD50 (Oral, Rat) | 5.800 mg/kg |
| Atmospheric Lifetime | ~22 days |
Market Information
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Global Demand | ~7 million tons/year |
| Price Range | $800–1.200/ton |
| Major Producers | Ineos, Shell, Mitsui, Sinopec |
Key Advantages and Limitations
| Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|
| Excellent solvent power | High flammability risk |
| Low toxicity (vs. alternatives) | Volatile (evaporates quickly) |
| Biodegradable | Can damage some plastics/rubbers |
Summary
Acetone is a ubiquitous solvent and chemical intermediate valued for its strong solvency, low toxicity, and versatility across industries. While its flammability requires careful handling, its role in polycarbonate and MMA production ensures sustained demand. Emerging bio-based production methods aim to enhance sustainability.
Declaration: The products displayed on this website are intended exclusively for industrial applications or scientific research. They are not intended for medical, pharmaceutical, or food use. In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, purchasing organizations must hold valid qualifications and approvals.
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