Inorganic salts

Definition & Composition

Inorganic Salts are ionic compounds composed of:

Cation: Metal (e.g., Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Al³⁺) or ammonium (NH₄⁺)Anion: Nonmetal (e.g., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻) or polyatomic ion (e.g., CO₃²⁻, PO₄³⁻)

Key Feature:

High melting/boiling points, water-soluble, and electrically conductive in solution.

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Classification & Examples

Category	Example Salts	Chemical Formula
Chlorides	Sodium chloride	NaCl
Sulfates	Magnesium sulfate	MgSO₄
Nitrates	Potassium nitrate	KNO₃
Carbonates	Calcium carbonate	CaCO₃
Phosphates	Trisodium phosphate	Na₃PO₄

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Key Properties

Property	Typical Range	Measurement Method
Solubility	0.1 g/L (AgCl) to 359 g/L (NaCl)	Gravimetric analysis
Melting Point	801°C (NaCl) to 1600°C (CaCO₃)	Differential Scanning Calorimetry
pH in Solution	Acidic (AlCl₃) to alkaline (Na₂CO₃)	pH meter

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Applications

Industry	Function	Example Use
Agriculture	Fertilizers, soil conditioners	KNO₃ (potassium nitrate)
Water Treatment	Coagulants, pH adjusters	Al₂(SO₄)₃ (alum)
Food & Pharma	Preservatives, electrolytes	NaCl (table salt), MgSO₄ (Epsom salt)
Construction	Cement additives, fire retardants	CaCO₃ (limestone)

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