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1.4-Butanediol is a colorless liquid with high boiling point and low toxicity, obtained by aldolization and hydrogenation of propylene alcohol, carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
1.4-Butanediol (BDO): Overview and Key Properties
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | 1.4-Butanediol |
| Molecular Formula | C₄H₁₀O₂ |
| CAS Number | 110-63-4 |
| Appearance | Colorless viscous liquid |
| Odor | Mild, characteristic |
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Value/Description |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 230°C (446°F) |
| Melting Point | 20°C (68°F) |
| Density | 1.017 g/cm³ (20°C) |
| Solubility | Miscible in water, ethanol, acetone |
| Flash Point | 121°C (250°F) – Combustible |
| Viscosity | 71.5 mPa·s (25°C) |
Production Methods
| Method | Process Description |
|---|---|
| Reppe Chemistry | Acetylene + Formaldehyde (high pressure) |
| Maleic Anhydride | Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride |
| Bioprocess | Fermentation of sugars (renewable route) |
Applications
| Industry | Uses |
|---|---|
| Polymers | Production of PBT, PU, spandex fibers |
| Solvents | Industrial cleaner, ink solvent |
| Pharmaceuticals | Intermediate for sedatives, anesthetics |
| Electrolytes | Component in lithium-ion batteries |
| Consumer Goods | Moisturizer in cosmetics |
Safety & Handling
| Parameter | Value/Recommendation |
|---|---|
| OSHA Exposure Limit | Not established |
| Health Effects | Irritant; CNS depression at high doses |
| Environmental | Readily biodegradable |
| Storage | Keep in stainless steel/aluminum containers |
Comparison with Similar Glycols
| Glycol | BDO vs. Alternatives |
|---|---|
| Ethylene Glycol | Lower toxicity but poorer polymer performance |
| Propylene Glycol | More biocompatible but higher cost |
| 1.3-Propanediol | Renewable but limited applications |
Market & Sustainability
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Global Capacity | ~3 million tons/year |
| Price Range | 1.500−1.500−2.500/ton |
| Bio-based Routes | Genomatica’s fermentation process (commercial since 2015) |
| Regulations | REACH registered; FDA approved for indirect food contact |
Summary
1.4-Butanediol is a versatile chemical building block critical for polyesters, polyurethanes, and specialty chemicals. With emerging bio-based production methods, it aligns with circular economy goals. While generally safe, industrial handling requires precautions due to its combustible nature.
Declaration: The products displayed on this website are intended exclusively for industrial applications or scientific research. They are not intended for medical, pharmaceutical, or food use. In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, purchasing organizations must hold valid qualifications and approvals.
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