octanoyl chloride C₈H₁₅ClO

Octanoyl Chloride

Chemical Formula: C₈H₁₅ClO
Structure: Acyl chloride derivative of ​octanoic acid, consisting of:

An ​eight-carbon chain (octanoyl group, C₇H₁₅CO-).A reactive ​carbonyl chloride group (-COCl).

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​Physical Properties

​Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid.​Odor: Pungent.​Reactivity:​Moisture-sensitive: Reacts violently with water, releasing HCl gas.High reactivity in ​acylation reactions (e.g., esterification, amidation).

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​Applications

​Organic Synthesis:Introduces ​octanoyl groups to synthesize ​esters, amides, and other derivatives.Production of ​pharmaceuticals and ​agrochemicals.​Industrial Chemistry:Manufacture of ​surfactants, ​plasticizers, and ​specialty polymers.

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​Safety Considerations ⚠️

​Health Hazards:​Corrosive: Causes severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.Releases ​HCl gas upon hydrolysis.​Handling:Use ​PPE (gloves, goggles, respirator) and work in a ​fume hood.​Storage:Store in a ​cool, dry, airtight container away from ​moisture and incompatible substances (e.g., bases, alcohols).

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Basic Chemical Properties

Property	Specification
CAS Number	111-64-8
IUPAC Name	Octanoyl chloride
Molecular Formula	C₈H₁₅ClO
Molecular Weight	162.66 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor	Pungent, acrid
Boiling Point	195-196°C
Density (20°C)	0.955-0.965 g/cm³
Solubility	Reacts with water; soluble in organic solvents (ether, benzene)

Key Functional Properties

Characteristic	Technical Benefit
High reactivity	Effective acylating agent for esters, amides, and anhydrides
Low thermal stability	Decomposes at high temperatures (>200°C)
Moisture sensitivity	Reacts violently with water (hydrolysis)
Corrosivity	Attacks metals, rubber, and plastics

Primary Applications

Application Area	Specific Uses
Organic Synthesis	Acylating agent for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals
Perfume Industry	Production of octanoate esters
Polymer Chemistry	Monomer for specialty polymers
Laboratory Reagent	Derivatization agent for analytical chemistry

Technical Notes:

Handling & Storage:

Store under inert gas (N₂/Ar) in a cool, dry place

Use glass or PTFE-lined containers (avoid metals)

Shelf life: 12 months (unopened)

Safety & Hazards:

GHS Classification:

Skin corrosion (1A)

Serious eye damage (1)

Flammable liquid (Category 4)

PPE Required:

Chemical-resistant gloves

Face shield

Fume hood operation

Reaction Control:

Always add slowly to reaction mixtures

Use dry solvents under anhydrous conditions

Neutralize spills with dry sodium carbonate

Summary:
Octanoyl chloride’s ​high reactivity and ​acyl chloride functionality make it critical in synthesizing esters, amides, and industrial materials. Strict ​safety protocols are essential due to its corrosive nature and moisture sensitivity.

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