Glyphosate

Glyphosate (CAS No. 1071-83-6) 

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1. Basic Information

IUPAC Name: N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycineSynonyms:Roundup® (Monsanto trade name)Glyphosate-isopropylammonium (common salt form)CAS Number: 1071-83-6Molecular Formula: C₃H₈NO₅PMolecular Weight: 169.07 g/molAppearance: White crystalline powderOdor: Odorless

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2. Physical and Chemical Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	184–189°C (decomposition)
Solubility (25°C)	– Water: 10.5 g/L (pH 2.5)
	– Organic solvents: Insoluble in acetone, ethanol
pH (1% solution)	2.3 (acidic)
Vapor Pressure	1.31 × 10⁻⁵ mPa (25°C)
Log Pow	-3.2 (highly hydrophilic)

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3. Chemical Structure

     O       ║    HO-P-CH₂-NH-CH₂-COOH       |       OH

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4. Hazards (GHS Classification)

Acute Toxicity:Oral LD₅₀ (rat): >5,000 mg/kg (Category 5)Dermal LD₅₀ (rabbit): >2,000 mg/kgEnvironmental:Toxic to aquatic plants (H411)Not classified for bees (LD₅₀ >100 μg/bee)Carcinogenicity:IARC Group 2A (probable human carcinogen)EPA: “Not likely carcinogenic” (2017)

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5. Storage and Handling

Storage:Keep in original containers, away from food/feedStore at <30°C, protect from moistureHandling:Use gloves (nitrile) and dust maskAvoid spray drift during application

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6. Applications

Herbicide:Non-selective weed control (inhibits EPSP synthase)Used in agriculture, forestry, and urban areasCrop Desiccation: Pre-harvest treatment for cereals

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